ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE MANIFESTAÇÕES PATOLÓGICAS EM ESTRUTURAS DE AÇO E CONCRETO ARMADO

Abstract

Comparative studies of pathological manifestations in steel and reinforced concrete structures are essential to understanding the differences in the behavior of these materials, which can help improve the durability and safety of buildings. Both are essential in civil construction, but they present pathological manifestations, i.e., specific defects due to their inherent characteristics. In steel structures, the main pathological manifestations include corrosion, plastic deformations, and fatigue problems. Corrosion is caused by the exposure of steel to moisture and oxygen, resulting in oxidation and consequent reduction of the cross-section, compromising the structural capacity. In addition, cyclic loading can lead to fatigue, causing cracks and, eventually, structural failures. Protection methods such as painting, galvanizing, and continuous monitoring are essential to mitigate these problems. In reinforced concrete, the most common problems are cracking, disintegration, and corrosion of reinforcement. Cracks can arise due to shrinkage, thermal variations, overloads, or design and execution flaws. Disintegration results from the loss of adhesion between concrete components, often caused by chemical reactions, such as alkali-aggregate occurrence. Reinforcement corrosion occurs due to the formation of chlorides and carbon dioxide, which break down the passive layer of the steel, initiating the corrosive process. In comparison, steel structures require continuous measures of corrosion protection and fatigue monitoring, while reinforced concrete structures require specific control of material quality, adequate reinforcement coverage and preventive maintenance to prevent the infiltration of aggressive agents. Regular inspections and preventive maintenance are essential for both types of structures, extending service life and ensuring structural safety. This study highlights the importance of specific approaches for each material, seeking effective mitigation of anomalies and sustainability of buildings.