ANÁLISE HIDROQUÍMICA DA ÁGUA DO RIO ACRE NO PERÍMETRO URBANO DE RIO BRANCO – AC

Abstract

The northern region of Brazil, particularly the state of Acre, faces serious challenges related to basic sanitation, reflected in the low collection and treatment of sewage. Only 14.7% of sewage is collected in the region, and in Acre, about 53% of the population is served by sewage networks, but only 10.53% of the collected sewage is treated. This results in the direct release of effluents into rivers, such as the Acre River, which is crucial for supplying water to eight municipalities, including the capital, Rio Branco. The research analyzes the water quality of the Acre River, evaluating 16 physical-chemical parameters in samples collected over a stretch of 25 km. The results show that turbidity, phosphate, and sulfide levels exceed permissible limits, while other parameters, such as pH, chloride, and nitrite, are within the standards set by CONAMA. The high turbidity, reaching up to 160 times above the allowed limit, is attributed to soil erosion and the discharge of effluents. The analysis reveals that the contamination of the Acre River is exacerbated by the lack of sanitation infrastructure, resulting in high levels of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, indicating eutrophication. The research also highlights the river's vulnerability to contamination by heavy metals, especially in urban areas where the sewage load is higher. The data suggest an urgent need for sanitation and environmental management measures to mitigate the impacts of water pollution. It is essential to reassess the classification of the Acre River and implement a wastewater treatment system, in addition to continuously monitoring water quality. Preserving this water source is vital to ensure access to quality water and protect the health of the local population, as well as the region's flora and fauna.