FATORES ETIOLÓGICOS DA HIPOMINERALIZAÇÃO MOLAR-INCISIVO (HMI) – UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA

Abstract

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (IMH) is an enamel development defect, with no defined etiology, generated during the maturation stage of this tissue, which leads to a decrease in the mineral density of the affected enamel. This alteration can have various consequences for the affected patient, including aesthetic and psychosocial issues, as well as difficulties in treating more severe cases. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the main etiological factors associated with the development of IMH. The selection criteria for the bibliographic survey were articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available and accessed in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Scholar databases, between 2010 and 2023. Papers that were not available in full or were unrelated to the subject after reading the abstracts were excluded. The main factors associated with IMH observed were prematurity and low birth weight, maternal illnesses and psychological stress during pregnancy, problems during childbirth, respiratory illnesses and high fever in the first years of the child's life, maternal alcohol consumption, frequent exposure to ultrasound examinations in the last trimester and environmental and socioeconomic factors. In this way, this study presents the scientific health community with relevant data for dentistry, highlighting knowledge about the identification of IMH and the prevalence of the factors most commonly found in association with this alteration, such as prematurity, low birth weight and respiratory diseases in childhood.

Key words: Tooth enamel. Clinical diagnosis. Dentistry. Association.