PRÉ NATAL ODONTOLÓGICO: RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇAS PERIODONTAIS E COMPLICAÇÕES GESTACIONAIS

Abstract

During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes various transformations, leading to hormonal changes due to increased levels of progesterone and estrogen, this can result in oral issues such as periodontal disease, which may contribute to complications during pregnancy. The initial stage of periodontal disease present as gingivitis, characterized by the buildup of bacterial plaque and tartar due to inadequate brushing and a lack of dental floss use. This systematic review was based on the analysis and selection of articles and journals published in recognized databases such as “Scielo”, “PubMed”, “Google Scholar”, “RevOdonto”, among others, descriptors were selected from articles published in the last 17 years specifically between 2007 and 2023. During pregnancy, between 30% and 50% of pregnant women experience periodontal disease, which manifests through symptoms such as toothache, primarily due to dental caries. When bacterial plaque is present, the periodontal system initiates as inflammatory and immune response to prevent microbial invasion of the gums, depending on the lesions caused by the body’s defensive response the disease can manifest only in the gums (gingivitis) or extend to the supporting tissues (periodontitis). In light of the evidence observed, it is evident that the relationship between periodontal diseases and gestational complications is a topic of significant importance for maternal and fetal health, periodontal diseases exhibit a significant correlation with gestational complications, emphasizing the importance of oral care during prenatal care. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these conditions are essential to ensure the health of both the pregnant woman and the fetus, thereby preventing potential issues in fetal development.