ATIVIDADES FARMACOLÓGICAS DAS PLANTAS DO CERRADO MAURITIA FLEXUOSA, DIPTERYX ALATA E BYRSONIMA CRASSIFOLIA: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/rmnm.v1i1.3412Palavras-chave:
Cerrado, Plantas medicinais, Antioxidantes, Anti-inflamatóriosResumo
O Cerrado brasileiro é o segundo maior bioma do país e abriga múltiplas espécies vegetais de interesse científico. Sob essa ótica, as folhas, as sementes, as raízes, o caule e os frutos das espécies do Cerrado são ricos em substâncias bioativas, principalmente compostos fenólicos, tornando-se fontes de alimentos funcionais e potenciais fármacos. Dentre as espécies com expressivo potencial farmacológico, encontram-se a Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti), a Dipteryx alata (Baru) e a Byrsonima crassifolia (Murici). O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi elucidar o perfil fitoquímico e as propriedades biológicas das espécies em foco. A Mauritia flexuosa é uma palmeira frutífera, cujos frutos possuem altos níveis de carotenoides da pró-vitamina A, especialmente β-carotenos. Os extratos da casca, da polpa e das raízes da Mauritia flexuosa são ricos em flavonoides e caracterizam-se pela capacidade antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antitumoral e regenerativa. A Dipteryx alata é uma árvore cujas sementes são ricas em compostos fenólicos, lipídeos, fibras alimentares insolúveis, cálcio, zinco e ferro. A espécie foi associada principalmente a efeitos antioxidantes, antiproliferativos, hipolipemiantes, antiofídicos, antimicrobianos e antileishmania. Similar a isso, a Byrsonima crassifolia, muito utilizada na culinária local, tem como principais propriedades biológicas sob investigação a atividade antioxidante, antidepressiva, hipoglicemiante, antifúngica e regenerativa. É uma espécie rica em compostos fenólicos, em especial a catequina, sendo empregada na Medicina Tradicional para resolução de quadros inflamatórios, distúrbios menstruais e em emplastos de feridas dermatológicas.
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